Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is a major public health problem characterized by an energy deficit due to a deficiency of macronutrients, primarily protein
Ensure long-term survival and prevent relapse after discharge.
PEM remains a significant public health challenge, predominantly affecting low-income countries but also presenting in vulnerable populations in high-income nations. Malnutrition accounts for more than 50% of all infant mortality in developing countries, especially in the under-five age group. Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt
The symptoms of PEM can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:
The most vulnerable period is during the first 1,000 days of life—from conception to a child’s second birthday—due to rapid growth velocity and high metabolic demands. Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is a major public health
Children under five years of age in low- and middle-income countries.
Refeeding Syndrome (rapid fluid and electrolyte shifts leading to cardiac failure). Severe hypovolemic or septic shock. Permanent cognitive and physical growth retardation. Prevention and Control The symptoms of PEM can vary depending on
Historically classified using the Gomez , Waterlow , and contemporary World Health Organization (WHO) criteria based on weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height standard deviations (Z-scores). 2. Etiology and Classification of PEM
Give routine broad-spectrum antibiotics (e.g., Ampicillin and Gentamicin) to all admitted children with SAM, even if signs of infection are absent. 6. Correct Micronutrient Deficiencies
PEM is defined as a cellular deficiency of protein and energy (calories) that leads to significant impairment of bodily functions, impaired growth in children, muscle wasting, and reduced immunity.
steps for the rehabilitation phase.